Jihad is one of the most widely misunderstood Islamic concepts. It is often associated with violence and terrorism, particularly by some Western media outlets. However, the term has a much broader and more complex meaning than this simplistic portrayal.
In Arabic, Jihad means “struggle” or “effort,” and it has both spiritual and physical dimensions. The spiritual Jihad involves a personal struggle to improve oneself and overcome one’s inner weaknesses, such as greed, arrogance, and envy. It aims to purify one’s intentions and actions, develop a closer relationship with Allah (Exalted be He), and attain spiritual excellence. This type of Jihad is, in fact, the most important and the highest form of struggle, as Prophet Muhammad (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “The [true] striver is the one who strives against their own self.”
Physical Jihad, on the other hand, involves a struggle against enemies of Islam, particularly those who threaten the safety and security of Muslims and their lands. However, this type of Jihad is often misinterpreted as a call for indiscriminate violence or aggression against non-Muslims. In reality, Islam encourages peaceful coexistence and forbids any form of aggression or harm to non-combatants, whether Muslim or non-Muslim.
In Islamic terms, the physical Jihad has certain conditions and regulations that must be observed. Firstly, it can only be declared by a legitimate authority or leader, not by individuals or groups acting on their own accord. Secondly, Jihad can be defensive or offensive in nature, aimed at repelling an attack, or defending against aggression, or fighting against oppression, or striving for justice. Thirdly, it must be proportionate, meaning that the force used must be proportional to the threat faced. Fourthly, it must avoid harming non-combatants or causing unnecessary destruction. Lastly, it must be conducted in accordance with Islamic ethics and values, such as compassion, fairness, and justice.
Moreover, Jihad also has non-violent forms, which are equally important in fulfilling its objectives. These include the Jihad of the tongue, which involves speaking truthfully, arguing with wisdom and patience, and spreading knowledge and awareness of Islam. It also includes the Jihad of the pen, which involves writing and publishing Islamic works that counter myths and misunderstandings about Islam and present its true teachings in a comprehensive and persuasive manner.
In conclusion, Jihad is a multi-faceted and nuanced concept in Islam that includes both spiritual and physical dimensions. It is not a call for senseless violence, but a struggle to uphold Islamic values and principles, defend against oppression and aggression, and achieve personal and collective excellence. Understanding the true meaning of Jihad is essential for promoting peace, tolerance, and mutual respect between Muslims and non-Muslims, and combating extremist ideologies that hijack the concept for their own nefarious aims.
